#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Conway's Game of Life whose entire user interface is the pane's TAG.
python3 stdlib, nothing else.

WHAT IT DEMONSTRATES

This is the acme trick that makes the filesystem worth having: a script can
define its own commands without the editor knowing anything about them.

  1. Write words into the pane's `tag`. They are now just text.
  2. Open the pane's `event` file. While it is open, button-2 (Exec) and
     button-3 (Look) on that pane are REPORTED to us and NOT performed by the
     editor. (Chorded Cut/Paste keep working, so the tag stays editable.)
  3. A middle click on `Run` therefore arrives here as an `x` record naming
     that text, and "Run" means whatever this script decides it means.

Words we do not recognise are WRITTEN BACK to the event file unchanged, which
makes the editor perform the action as though the event file had never been
open. So the pane's own tag entries -- Del, Put, whatever the editor puts
there -- still work while we are attached. A script that swallowed them would
be a black hole; passing them through is the whole etiquette of the protocol.

A button-3 click in the BODY (an `L` record) toggles the cell under the click.
The body is rendered as exactly H lines of W cells plus a newline each, so the
click offset q0 maps to a cell by plain division -- no coordinate lookup, no
round trip. Anything decorative goes BELOW the grid, where it cannot disturb
that arithmetic.

FILES TOUCHED

  new/ctl        create the pane, read its id back
  <id>/ctl       `name /+life`, `clean`
  <id>/tag       the command words -- a tag write appends to the editable tail
  <id>/event     O_RDWR: blocking reads for records, writes to pass records on
  <id>/addr      `,` (whole body) before each generation
  <id>/data      the generation itself

USAGE

  life.py [mountdir]         default: $PARDES_FS (set in every pane shell)

  Step    one generation          Clear   empty the grid
  Run     animate                 Random  fill the grid at random
  Stop    stop animating          button 3 in the grid: toggle that cell

Ctrl-C removes the pane and exits. So does the pane being deleted: the next
write fails, or the event reader hits end of file, and either is a clean end.

WHY A THREAD

Event reads BLOCK -- the server holds the request until a record exists -- and
a FUSE-backed regular file always polls readable, so select() cannot be used to
wait on one. Life also has to advance on a timer. So one daemon thread does
nothing but blocking reads and hands records to a Queue, and the main loop
waits on the Queue with a deadline. That keeps the blocking read where it
belongs and leaves the main loop free of spin.
"""

import os
import queue
import random
import sys
import threading
import time

W, H = 40, 20
TICK = 0.15
LIVE, DEAD = "#", "."
COMMANDS = ("Step", "Run", "Stop", "Clear", "Random")


class Records:
    """Counted event records off a blocking fd, kept in step byte-exactly.

    The record is two characters (origin, type), then four blank separated
    decimal numbers -- q0, q1, flag, text length -- then the text.

    Two layouts exist in the wild: plan9 acme puts the text before the
    record's terminating newline, while the pardes design note writes the
    newline after the four numbers and the counted bytes after it. Both are
    accepted here. Guessing wrong would not mangle one record, it would
    desynchronise the stream forever, so this reader takes whatever the line
    still holds as text and only goes back to the fd for bytes the count says
    are missing. Blank lines are skipped, which absorbs either layout's
    record terminator.
    """

    def __init__(self, fd):
        self.fd = fd
        self.buf = b""

    def _fill(self):
        chunk = os.read(self.fd, 4096)  # blocks in the server until a record
        if not chunk:
            raise EOFError("event file closed")
        self.buf += chunk

    def _line(self):
        while True:
            nl = self.buf.find(b"\n")
            if nl >= 0:
                line, self.buf = self.buf[:nl], self.buf[nl + 1 :]
                if line:
                    return line
                continue
            self._fill()

    def _take(self, n):
        while len(self.buf) < n:
            self._fill()
        out, self.buf = self.buf[:n], self.buf[n:]
        return out

    def next(self):
        line = self._line()
        while len(line) < 2:
            line = self._line()
        origin, typ = chr(line[0]), chr(line[1])
        rest, nums, i = line[2:], [], 0
        for _ in range(4):
            while i < len(rest) and rest[i : i + 1] == b" ":
                i += 1
            j = i
            while j < len(rest) and rest[j : j + 1].isdigit():
                j += 1
            nums.append(int(rest[i:j]) if j > i else 0)
            i = j
        q0, q1, flag, count = nums
        tail = rest[i + 1 :] if rest[i : i + 1] == b" " else rest[i:]
        if count == 0:
            # Text of 256 bytes or more is elided: count 0 and no bytes. The
            # reader is meant to fetch it from `data` if it cares; we do not.
            text = tail
        elif tail:
            text = tail
            if len(text) < count:
                text += b"\n"  # the newline we stopped on belongs to the text
                text += self._take(count - len(text))
        else:
            text = self._take(count)
        return (origin, typ, q0, q1, flag, text.decode("utf-8", "replace"))


def write_all(fd, data):
    view = memoryview(data)
    while view:
        view = view[os.write(fd, view) :]


class Life:
    def __init__(self, mount):
        with open(os.path.join(mount, "new", "ctl"), "rb") as f:
            fields = f.read(256).split()
        if not fields or not fields[0].isdigit():
            raise OSError("unexpected new/ctl contents: %r" % fields[:1])
        self.pane = fields[0].decode()
        d = os.path.join(mount, self.pane)
        self.ctl = os.open(os.path.join(d, "ctl"), os.O_WRONLY)
        write_all(self.ctl, b"name /+life\nclean\n")
        self.tagfd = os.open(os.path.join(d, "tag"), os.O_RDWR)
        # O_RDWR on one fd: reading records and writing them back are the two
        # halves of one conversation, and the editor's "someone is listening"
        # state follows the open, so a second open would be a second listener.
        self.event = os.open(os.path.join(d, "event"), os.O_RDWR)
        self.addr = os.open(os.path.join(d, "addr"), os.O_WRONLY)
        self.data = os.open(os.path.join(d, "data"), os.O_WRONLY)
        write_all(self.tagfd, (" " + " ".join(COMMANDS)).encode())
        self.tagtext = None
        self.passed = None
        self.cells = set()
        self.gen = 0
        self.running = False

    def close(self):
        for fd in (self.tagfd, self.event, self.addr, self.data):
            try:
                os.close(fd)
            except OSError:
                pass
        try:
            write_all(self.ctl, b"clean\ndel\n")
        except OSError:
            pass
        try:
            os.close(self.ctl)
        except OSError:
            pass

    # --- the fs side -----------------------------------------------------

    def render(self):
        rows = []
        for y in range(H):
            rows.append("".join(LIVE if (x, y) in self.cells else DEAD for x in range(W)))
        rows.append("")
        rows.append(
            "generation %d   %s   %d alive   button 3 in the grid toggles a cell"
            % (self.gen, "running" if self.running else "stopped", len(self.cells))
        )
        write_all(self.addr, b",")
        write_all(self.data, ("\n".join(rows) + "\n").encode())
        write_all(self.ctl, b"clean\n")

    def tag_slice(self, q0, q1):
        """The text of a tag click, for the case where the record carried none.
        Read once and cached: the tag only changes when we or the user change
        it, and a wrong guess here costs an ignored click, not a corruption."""
        if self.tagtext is None:
            self.tagtext = os.pread(self.tagfd, 8192, 0).decode("utf-8", "replace")
        return self.tagtext[q0:q1]

    def passthrough(self, origin, typ, q0, q1):
        """Hand a record we do not implement back to the editor, which then
        performs it exactly as if nobody had been listening. Flag, count and
        text are omitted: the two characters and two numbers are the whole
        identity of the action.

        The coordinates are remembered so that a record coming straight back
        at us can be recognised. A correct server does not re-report an action
        it was asked to perform -- acme marks the write-back path `external`
        precisely to skip its own reporting branch -- but if one ever did, a
        passthrough of a passthrough is an infinite loop, and this is a cheaper
        insurance policy than finding that out in someone's editor."""
        self.passed = (typ, q0, q1)
        write_all(self.event, ("%c%c%d %d\n" % (origin, typ, q0, q1)).encode())

    # --- the game side ---------------------------------------------------

    def step(self):
        counts = {}
        for (x, y) in self.cells:
            for dx in (-1, 0, 1):
                for dy in (-1, 0, 1):
                    if dx or dy:
                        n = ((x + dx) % W, (y + dy) % H)
                        counts[n] = counts.get(n, 0) + 1
        self.cells = {c for c, n in counts.items() if n == 3 or (n == 2 and c in self.cells)}
        self.gen += 1

    def command(self, word):
        if word == "Step":
            self.step()
        elif word == "Run":
            self.running = True
        elif word == "Stop":
            self.running = False
        elif word == "Clear":
            self.cells.clear()
            self.gen = 0
        elif word == "Random":
            self.cells = {
                (x, y) for x in range(W) for y in range(H) if random.random() < 0.28
            }
            self.gen = 0
        else:
            return False
        return True

    def toggle(self, q0):
        """Body offset -> cell. Rows are W cells plus a newline, so the row is
        the quotient and the column the remainder; a click on the newline, or
        anywhere in the status line below the grid, lands outside and is
        ignored."""
        row, col = divmod(q0, W + 1)
        if row >= H or col >= W:
            return
        cell = (col, row)
        self.cells.symmetric_difference_update({cell})

    def handle(self, rec):
        origin, typ, q0, q1, _flag, text = rec
        if not text and (typ, q0, q1) == self.passed:
            return False  # a record we passed on, coming back: see passthrough
        if typ in "xX":
            word = (text or self.tag_slice(q0, q1)).strip()
            if not self.command(word):
                self.passthrough(origin, typ, q0, q1)
                return False
        elif typ == "L":
            self.toggle(q0)
        elif typ == "l":
            self.passthrough(origin, typ, q0, q1)
            return False
        else:
            return False  # I/i/D/d: our own writes echoing back
        return True


def reader(records, q):
    try:
        while True:
            q.put(records.next())
    except (OSError, EOFError, ValueError):
        pass
    q.put(None)  # the pane or the mount is gone


def main(argv):
    mount = argv[1] if len(argv) > 1 else os.environ.get("PARDES_FS", "")
    if not mount:
        sys.stderr.write(
            "life.py: no mount point. Pass one, or run inside a pardes pane\n"
            "         shell where $PARDES_FS is set (start pardes with --fs).\n"
        )
        return 1
    if not os.path.isdir(mount):
        sys.stderr.write("life.py: %s is not a directory\n" % mount)
        return 1
    try:
        game = Life(mount)
    except OSError as e:
        sys.stderr.write("life.py: cannot set up a pane: %s\n" % e)
        return 1

    q = queue.Queue()
    threading.Thread(target=reader, args=(Records(game.event), q), daemon=True).start()
    try:
        game.command("Random")
        game.render()
        deadline = time.monotonic() + TICK
        while True:
            if game.running:
                wait = deadline - time.monotonic()
                if wait <= 0:
                    game.step()
                    game.render()
                    deadline = time.monotonic() + TICK
                    wait = TICK
            else:
                wait = 0.25  # a bounded wait, not a spin: clicks stay prompt
            try:
                rec = q.get(timeout=wait)
            except queue.Empty:
                continue
            if rec is None:
                break
            if game.handle(rec):
                game.render()
                deadline = time.monotonic() + TICK
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    except OSError:
        return 0  # the pane went away mid-write; nothing to report
    finally:
        game.close()
    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))