G4: bloom, vignette and grain in the post chain

Three bundled Shadertoy passes beside Crt, each `Bloom|Vignette|Grain
0..3` (off by default, nothing drawn while off), in shaders/post/:

- Bloom: what is brighter than the page (a channel's linear peak over
  0.75/0.7/0.6 and over the page's own + 0.15, so a light page does not
  bloom) glows, 2/3.5/5% (§8.2's budget). The glow is a dual Kawase blur
  in RGBA16F textures at half size and down, 3/4/5 steps by level
  (shaders/bloom-down, bloom-up; Post.bloomChain), composited in linear
  light and dithered.
- Vignette: round, from halfway to a corner, 10/18/28% at the far corners,
  in linear light, dithered.
- Grain: a still, triangular-spread grain of 1.5/3/5 of 255 on
  page-coloured pixels only, a logical pixel big; still, so it asks for no
  frames.

Focus rule: the shell passes every bundled pass the rectangles of the tags
with their grips, the column and workspace tags, the notices and the
cursor (pardesSpare, at most 32, neighbours on one row merged), and a
bundled pass leaves them as they are; and a per-theme ceiling (pardesCap,
Post.capsOf) keeps the page's text and the selection's text at min(their
contrast, 4.5) under each pass at its strongest. User files get no
ceiling and no spared rectangles.

Fix found on the way: SDL GPU binds at most 4 KiB of a uniform block, so
every Shadertoy colour after iPalette (iBackgroundColor, iForegroundColor,
the cursor and selection colours, iPalette[>=4]) read zero. The prefix's
block is cut in three (Globals, Palette, Colors) with ghostty's names and
order, each pushed as a slice of the one struct; pardes's own block moves
to binding 3.

Tests: the caps hold over every native theme; each uniform slice fits
4 KiB; the prefix's members in ghostty's order across its blocks.
Gates: tty/gui unit-test and core-test pass; snap fails only
nested-optout; GUI goldens 01-08 byte-identical (09-18 wait on
wkzlsqvy, as in somtrmsz); web builds. Feel review material:
.scratch/render/{bloom,vignette,grain}/ (levels on forge, dusk, acme,
crops, a levels mp4).

1 files changed, 139 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/shaders/prebuilt/post-vignette.frag.glsl b/shaders/prebuilt/post-vignette.frag.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5737901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/prebuilt/post-vignette.frag.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#version 450
+// pardes's Shadertoy prefix (docs/render-pipeline.md §6), put before every
+// post pass: a bundled one in shaders/post/ at build time, a user's file at
+// run time. The uniform names, types and std140 order are ghostty 1.3.2's
+// (src/renderer/shaders/shadertoy_prefix.glsl), so a shader written for
+// ghostty runs here; only the bindings are SDL GPU's (a fragment shader's
+// textures in set 2, its uniform blocks in set 3). Y is down everywhere, as
+// on ghostty's Metal renderer: fragCoord, iChannel0's uv and the cursor
+// rectangles share one top-left space, and iCurrentCursor is (left x,
+// BOTTOM-edge y, width, height) in framebuffer pixels.
+
+layout(set = 3, binding = 0, std140) uniform Globals {
+    uniform vec3  iResolution;
+    uniform float iTime;
+    uniform float iTimeDelta;
+    uniform float iFrameRate;
+    uniform int   iFrame;
+    uniform float iChannelTime[4];
+    uniform vec3  iChannelResolution[4];
+    uniform vec4  iMouse;
+    uniform vec4  iDate;
+    uniform float iSampleRate;
+    uniform vec4  iCurrentCursor;
+    uniform vec4  iPreviousCursor;
+    uniform vec4  iCurrentCursorColor;
+    uniform vec4  iPreviousCursorColor;
+    uniform int   iCurrentCursorStyle;
+    uniform int   iPreviousCursorStyle;
+    uniform int   iCursorVisible;
+    uniform float iTimeCursorChange;
+    uniform float iTimeFocus;
+    uniform int iFocus;
+};
+// ghostty's one block, cut in three: SDL GPU binds at most 4 KiB of a
+// uniform block (Vulkan), and the palette alone is 4 KiB. The names and
+// their order are ghostty's; each block is a slice of the same memory.
+layout(set = 3, binding = 1, std140) uniform Palette {
+    uniform vec3  iPalette[256];
+};
+layout(set = 3, binding = 2, std140) uniform Colors {
+    uniform vec3  iBackgroundColor;
+    uniform vec3  iForegroundColor;
+    uniform vec3  iCursorColor;
+    uniform vec3  iCursorText;
+    uniform vec3  iSelectionForegroundColor;
+    uniform vec3  iSelectionBackgroundColor;
+};
+
+// pardes's own: pardesOpaque is 1 when the window is opaque, so a pass
+// cannot punch holes in it through its alpha; pardesLevel is a bundled
+// pass's strength, 1 to 3 (`Crt 3`), and 0 for a user's file; pardesScale
+// is the display's density (2 on a 2x screen), for a pass whose pattern is
+// in logical pixels. iResolution, fragCoord and iMouse stay in the display's
+// pixels, as ghostty's do. pardesCap is the most a bundled pass may do on
+// this theme and still leave its text, and its selection's, at their own
+// contrast or 4.5 (docs/effects.md); pardesSpare holds pardesSpareCount
+// rectangles (x0, y0, x1, y1 in fragCoord's pixels) a bundled pass leaves
+// alone: every tag, grip and notice, and the cursor, so no pass ever touches
+// a focus indicator.
+layout(set = 3, binding = 3, std140) uniform PardesPost {
+    float pardesOpaque;
+    float pardesLevel;
+    float pardesScale;
+    float pardesCap;
+    float pardesSpareCount;
+    vec4 pardesSpare[32];
+};
+
+bool pardesSpared(vec2 p) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < int(pardesSpareCount); i++) {
+        vec4 r = pardesSpare[i];
+        if (p.x >= r.x && p.y >= r.y && p.x < r.z && p.y < r.w) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// A bundled pass's constant at levels 1, 2 and 3.
+float pardesByLevel(float one, float two, float three) {
+    return pardesLevel < 1.5 ? one : (pardesLevel < 2.5 ? two : three);
+}
+
+#define CURSORSTYLE_BLOCK        0
+#define CURSORSTYLE_BLOCK_HOLLOW 1
+#define CURSORSTYLE_BAR          2
+#define CURSORSTYLE_UNDERLINE    3
+#define CURSORSTYLE_LOCK         4
+
+layout(set = 2, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D iChannel0;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 _fragColor;
+
+#define texture2D texture
+
+void mainImage(out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord);
+void main() {
+    mainImage(_fragColor, gl_FragCoord.xy);
+    if (pardesOpaque > 0.5) _fragColor.a = 1.0;
+}
+
+// The shader's own lines count from 1, so glslc's errors name them.
+#line 1
+// Vignette: the window's corners fall a little into shade, in linear light,
+// so the eye settles on the middle. Round, whatever the window's shape;
+// nothing within half the way to a corner is touched. At most 28% at the
+// far corners (level 3), and never more than pardesCap, so text and its
+// selection keep their own contrast or 4.5. Tags, grips, notices and the
+// cursor are left alone (pardesSpare): the focus indicators never darken.
+// It is a Shadertoy file: pardes puts its prefix before it.
+
+float strength() { return min(pardesByLevel(0.10, 0.18, 0.28), pardesCap); }
+
+vec3 toLinear(vec3 c) {
+    return mix(pow((c + 0.055) / 1.055, vec3(2.4)), c / 12.92, lessThanEqual(c, vec3(0.04045)));
+}
+
+vec3 toSrgb(vec3 c) {
+    c = max(c, vec3(0.0));
+    return mix(1.055 * pow(c, vec3(1.0 / 2.4)) - 0.055, c * 12.92, lessThanEqual(c, vec3(0.0031308)));
+}
+
+float ign(vec2 p) {
+    return fract(52.9829189 * fract(dot(p, vec2(0.06711056, 0.00583715))));
+}
+
+void mainImage(out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord) {
+    vec2 uv = fragCoord / iResolution.xy;
+    vec4 frame = texture(iChannel0, uv);
+    if (pardesSpared(fragCoord)) {
+        fragColor = frame;
+        return;
+    }
+    // 0 at the middle, 1 at a corner, on a circle's measure.
+    vec2 half_size = 0.5 * iResolution.xy;
+    float r = length(fragCoord - half_size) / length(half_size);
+    float shade = strength() * pow(smoothstep(0.5, 1.0, r), 1.5);
+    vec3 srgb = toSrgb(toLinear(frame.rgb) * (1.0 - shade));
+    srgb += (ign(fragCoord) - 0.5) / 255.0 * step(1e-4, shade);
+    fragColor = vec4(clamp(srgb, 0.0, 1.0), frame.a);
+}