helix diff testing and feature parity

11 files changed, 1140 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/test/hxcases/cases.jsonl b/test/hxcases/cases.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..386013bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxcases/cases.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+{"name": "h-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "llh"}
+{"name": "h-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "llh"}
+{"name": "h-crosses-nl", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "jh"}
+{"name": "h-crosses-nl-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "jh"}
+{"name": "l-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "l"}
+{"name": "l-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "l"}
+{"name": "l-crosses-nl", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "lll"}
+{"name": "l-crosses-nl-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "lll"}
+{"name": "l-count", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "3l"}
+{"name": "l-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "3l"}
+{"name": "h-count", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "5l3h"}
+{"name": "h-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "5l3h"}
+{"name": "l-clamp-eof", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "9l"}
+{"name": "j-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "j"}
+{"name": "j-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "j"}
+{"name": "j-onto-nl-cell", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "glj"}
+{"name": "j-onto-nl-cell-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "glj"}
+{"name": "j-sticky-col", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "gljj"}
+{"name": "j-sticky-col-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "gljj"}
+{"name": "j-phantom", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "jj"}
+{"name": "k-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "jk"}
+{"name": "k-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "jk"}
+{"name": "k-sticky-col", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "2jglkk"}
+{"name": "k-sticky-col-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "2jglkk"}
+{"name": "j-count", "pane": "file", "text": "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "keys": "2j"}
+{"name": "j-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "keys": "2j"}
+{"name": "arrow-right-down", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "<right><down>"}
+{"name": "arrow-right-down-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "<right><down>"}
+{"name": "arrow-left-up", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "j<right><left><up>"}
+{"name": "arrow-left-up-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "j<right><left><up>"}
+{"name": "w-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w"}
+{"name": "w-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w"}
+{"name": "w-punct", "pane": "file", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "w"}
+{"name": "w-punct-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "w"}
+{"name": "w-punct-run", "pane": "file", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "ww"}
+{"name": "w-punct-run-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "ww"}
+{"name": "w-count", "pane": "file", "text": "one two three four\n", "keys": "2w"}
+{"name": "w-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one two three four\n", "keys": "2w"}
+{"name": "w-eol-cross", "pane": "file", "text": "ab cd\nef\n", "keys": "www"}
+{"name": "w-eol-cross-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab cd\nef\n", "keys": "www"}
+{"name": "w-from-empty-line", "pane": "file", "text": "\nabc\n", "keys": "w"}
+{"name": "w-skips-blank", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "ww"}
+{"name": "w-skips-blank-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "ww"}
+{"name": "w-eof-collapse", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha\n", "keys": "ww"}
+{"name": "b-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwb"}
+{"name": "b-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwb"}
+{"name": "b-bof-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha\n", "keys": "b"}
+{"name": "b-bof-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha\n", "keys": "b"}
+{"name": "b-from-nl-cell", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "llb"}
+{"name": "b-from-nl-cell-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "llb"}
+{"name": "b-count", "pane": "file", "text": "a bb ccc dddd\n", "keys": "gl2b"}
+{"name": "b-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a bb ccc dddd\n", "keys": "gl2b"}
+{"name": "e-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "e"}
+{"name": "e-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "e"}
+{"name": "e-from-mid", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "le"}
+{"name": "e-from-mid-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "le"}
+{"name": "e-count", "pane": "file", "text": "a bb ccc dddd\n", "keys": "2e"}
+{"name": "e-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a bb ccc dddd\n", "keys": "2e"}
+{"name": "e-cross-blank", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "ee"}
+{"name": "e-cross-blank-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "ee"}
+{"name": "W-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "W"}
+{"name": "W-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "W"}
+{"name": "B-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "WB"}
+{"name": "B-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "WB"}
+{"name": "E-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "E"}
+{"name": "E-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "foo.bar baz\n", "keys": "E"}
+{"name": "f-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "fc"}
+{"name": "f-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "fc"}
+{"name": "f-count", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "2fc"}
+{"name": "f-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "2fc"}
+{"name": "f-cross-line", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "fw"}
+{"name": "f-cross-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "fw"}
+{"name": "f-notfound-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "fz"}
+{"name": "f-notfound-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "fz"}
+{"name": "f-digit-arg", "pane": "file", "text": "a4b\n", "keys": "f4"}
+{"name": "f-digit-arg-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a4b\n", "keys": "f4"}
+{"name": "f-repeat-same-target", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "fafa"}
+{"name": "t-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tc"}
+{"name": "t-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tc"}
+{"name": "t-twice-skips-edge", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tctc"}
+{"name": "t-twice-skips-edge-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tctc"}
+{"name": "F-backward", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "glFa"}
+{"name": "F-backward-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "glFa"}
+{"name": "T-backward", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "glTa"}
+{"name": "T-backward-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "glTa"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-repeat-f", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "fc<A-.>"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-repeat-f-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "fc<A-.>"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-repeat-t", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tc<A-.>"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-repeat-t-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "tc<A-.>"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-count", "pane": "file", "text": "axbxcxd\n", "keys": "fx2<A-.>"}
+{"name": "alt-dot-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "axbxcxd\n", "keys": "fx2<A-.>"}
+{"name": "G-count", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5G"}
+{"name": "G-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5G"}
+{"name": "G-count-clamp", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "99G"}
+{"name": "G-count-clamp-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "99G"}
+{"name": "G-bare-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jG"}
+{"name": "G-bare-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jG"}
+{"name": "count-multidigit", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "10j"}
+{"name": "count-multidigit-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "10j"}
+{"name": "G-count-resets-col", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "3l5G"}
+{"name": "G-count-resets-col-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "3l5G"}
+{"name": "gg-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjgg"}
+{"name": "gg-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjgg"}
+{"name": "gg-count", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "3gg"}
+{"name": "gg-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "3gg"}
+{"name": "ge-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "ge"}
+{"name": "ge-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "ge"}
+{"name": "ge-col0", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwge"}
+{"name": "ge-col0-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwge"}
+{"name": "gh-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "llgh"}
+{"name": "gh-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "llgh"}
+{"name": "gl-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "gl"}
+{"name": "gl-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "gl"}
+{"name": "gl-empty-line", "pane": "file", "text": "\nabc\n", "keys": "gl"}
+{"name": "gl-empty-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "\nabc\n", "keys": "gl"}
+{"name": "gs-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "  abc\n", "keys": "llgs"}
+{"name": "gs-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "  abc\n", "keys": "llgs"}
+{"name": "gs-allws-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "   \nx\n", "keys": "gs"}
+{"name": "gs-allws-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "   \nx\n", "keys": "gs"}
+{"name": "gbar-count", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "4g|"}
+{"name": "gbar-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "4g|"}
+{"name": "gbar-clamp", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "9g|"}
+{"name": "gbar-clamp-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "9g|"}
+{"name": "gbar-nocount", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "llg|"}
+{"name": "gbar-nocount-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "llg|"}
+{"name": "gj-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "glgjgj"}
+{"name": "gj-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\nab\nabcdef\n", "keys": "glgjgj"}
+{"name": "gk-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjgk"}
+{"name": "gk-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjgk"}
+{"name": "home-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "w<home>"}
+{"name": "home-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "w<home>"}
+{"name": "end-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "<end>"}
+{"name": "end-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "<end>"}
+{"name": "end-empty-line", "pane": "file", "text": "\nabc\n", "keys": "<end>"}
+{"name": "end-empty-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "\nabc\n", "keys": "<end>"}
+{"name": "gt-noscroll", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5jgt"}
+{"name": "gt-noscroll-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5jgt"}
+{"name": "gc-noscroll", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "gc"}
+{"name": "gb-noscroll", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5jgb"}
+{"name": "gt-after-zz", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzzgt"}
+{"name": "gc-after-zz", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzzgc"}
+{"name": "gb-after-zz", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzzgb"}
+{"name": "gt-count", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzz2gt"}
+{"name": "ctrl-d-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "<C-d>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-d-small", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "<C-d>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-d-sticky", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "5l<C-d>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-u-back", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "20j<C-u>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-f-page", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "<C-f>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-f-small", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "<C-f>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-b-page", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "20j<C-b>"}
+{"name": "pgdn-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "<pagedown>"}
+{"name": "pgup-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "25j<pageup>"}
+{"name": "pgup-noop-in-view", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5j<pageup>"}
+{"name": "pgup-noop-in-view-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\n", "keys": "5j<pageup>"}
+{"name": "v-ctrl-d-extends", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "v<C-d>"}
+{"name": "zt-then-gt", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "12jztgt"}
+{"name": "zz-then-gt", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzzgt"}
+{"name": "zb-then-gt", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "12jzbgt"}
+{"name": "zc-alias-zz", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "15jzcgt"}
+{"name": "zj-snaps-cursor", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "zj"}
+{"name": "zj-noop-in-band", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "10jzj"}
+{"name": "zk-bottom-snap", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "20jzk"}
+{"name": "z-ctrl-d-alias", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "z<C-d>"}
+{"name": "z-pgdn-alias", "pane": "file", "text": "l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n", "keys": "z<pagedown>"}
+{"name": "v-reports-select", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "v"}
+{"name": "v-reports-select-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "v"}
+{"name": "v-extend-w", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta gamma\n", "keys": "vww"}
+{"name": "v-extend-w-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta gamma\n", "keys": "vww"}
+{"name": "v-anchor-fixed-crossing", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "llvhhh"}
+{"name": "v-anchor-fixed-crossing-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "llvhhh"}
+{"name": "v-exit-keeps-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "vwv"}
+{"name": "v-exit-keeps-sel-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "vwv"}
+{"name": "v-esc-keeps-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "vw<esc>"}
+{"name": "v-esc-keeps-sel-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "vw<esc>"}
+{"name": "v-gl-extends", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "vgl"}
+{"name": "v-gl-extends-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "vgl"}
+{"name": "v-gg-extends", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjvgg"}
+{"name": "v-gg-extends-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "jjvgg"}
+{"name": "v-find-extends", "pane": "file", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "vfcfc"}
+{"name": "v-find-extends-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcabc\n", "keys": "vfcfc"}
+{"name": "v-x-extends-line", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\nef\n", "keys": "vjx"}
+{"name": "v-x-extends-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "ab\ncd\nef\n", "keys": "vjx"}
+{"name": "v-j-phantom-blocked", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "vjj"}
+{"name": "w-esc-keeps-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w<esc>"}
+{"name": "w-esc-keeps-sel-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w<esc>"}
+{"name": "semi-collapse", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w;"}
+{"name": "semi-collapse-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w;"}
+{"name": "altsemi-flip", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w<A-;>"}
+{"name": "altsemi-flip-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w<A-;>"}
+{"name": "altsemi-flip-x", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\ncc\n", "keys": "x<A-;>"}
+{"name": "altsemi-flip-x-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one\ntwo\ncc\n", "keys": "x<A-;>"}
+{"name": "percent-select-all", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "%"}
+{"name": "percent-then-d", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "%d"}
+{"name": "x-selects-line", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\nthree\n", "keys": "x"}
+{"name": "x-selects-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one\ntwo\nthree\n", "keys": "x"}
+{"name": "x-extends", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\nthree\n", "keys": "xx"}
+{"name": "x-extends-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "one\ntwo\nthree\n", "keys": "xx"}
+{"name": "x-count", "pane": "file", "text": "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "keys": "2x"}
+{"name": "x-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "keys": "2x"}
+{"name": "x-empty-line", "pane": "file", "text": "a\n\nb\nc\n", "keys": "jx"}
+{"name": "x-empty-line-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a\n\nb\nc\n", "keys": "jx"}
+{"name": "x-last-line", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "jx"}
+{"name": "x-then-w-drops", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb cc\n", "keys": "xw"}
+{"name": "x-then-w-drops-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb cc\n", "keys": "xw"}
+{"name": "x-then-d", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\nthree\n", "keys": "xd"}
+{"name": "X-bare", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "lX"}
+{"name": "X-bare-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "lX"}
+{"name": "X-from-v", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "lvjX"}
+{"name": "X-from-v-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "lvjX"}
+{"name": "X-keeps-direction", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "jlvkX"}
+{"name": "X-keeps-direction-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "jlvkX"}
+{"name": "X-noop-when-full", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "XX"}
+{"name": "altx-shrink", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "lv2j<A-x>"}
+{"name": "altx-shrink-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\ndef\nghi\n", "keys": "lv2j<A-x>"}
+{"name": "altx-single-line-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "lvll<A-x>"}
+{"name": "altx-single-line-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "lvll<A-x>"}
+{"name": "mm-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "a(bc(d)e)f\n", "keys": "lmm"}
+{"name": "mm-basic-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a(bc(d)e)f\n", "keys": "lmm"}
+{"name": "mm-back", "pane": "file", "text": "a(bc(d)e)f\n", "keys": "8lmm"}
+{"name": "mm-back-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a(bc(d)e)f\n", "keys": "8lmm"}
+{"name": "mm-nonbracket-noop", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "mm"}
+{"name": "mm-nonbracket-noop-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "mm"}
+{"name": "mi-paren", "pane": "file", "text": "fn(a, b)\n", "keys": "fami("}
+{"name": "mi-paren-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "fn(a, b)\n", "keys": "fami("}
+{"name": "ma-paren", "pane": "file", "text": "fn(a, b)\n", "keys": "fama("}
+{"name": "ma-paren-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "fn(a, b)\n", "keys": "fama("}
+{"name": "mi-nested", "pane": "file", "text": "(a(b)c)\n", "keys": "3lmi("}
+{"name": "mi-nested-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "(a(b)c)\n", "keys": "3lmi("}
+{"name": "mi-word", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwmiw"}
+{"name": "mi-word-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wwmiw"}
+{"name": "mi-WORD", "pane": "file", "text": "a.b c.d\n", "keys": "miW"}
+{"name": "mi-WORD-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "a.b c.d\n", "keys": "miW"}
+{"name": "ma-word", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta gamma\n", "keys": "wwmaw"}
+{"name": "mi-quote", "pane": "file", "text": "say \"hi there\" ok\n", "keys": "6lmi\""}
+{"name": "ma-quote", "pane": "file", "text": "say \"hi there\" ok\n", "keys": "6lma\""}
+{"name": "mi-para", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\n", "keys": "mip"}
+{"name": "mi-para-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\n", "keys": "mip"}
+{"name": "ma-para", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\n", "keys": "map"}
+{"name": "mi-para-blank", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n\ncc\n", "keys": "jmip"}
+{"name": "mi-empty-pair", "pane": "file", "text": "a()b\n", "keys": "lmi("}
+{"name": "par-fwd", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "]p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "]p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-count", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "2]p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-count-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "2]p"}
+{"name": "par-bwd", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "6j[p"}
+{"name": "par-bwd-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "6j[p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-mid", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "j]p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-mid-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "j]p"}
+{"name": "par-bwd-mid", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "4j[p"}
+{"name": "par-bwd-mid-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "aa\nbb\n\ncc\ndd\n\nee\n", "keys": "4j[p"}
+{"name": "par-fwd-at-end", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "2j]p"}
+{"name": "add-nl-below", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "]<space>"}
+{"name": "add-nl-above", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "j[<space>"}
+{"name": "add-nl-count", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "2]<space>"}
+{"name": "d-word", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wd"}
+{"name": "d-bare-char", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "d"}
+{"name": "d-on-nl-joins", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "lld"}
+{"name": "d-x-lines", "pane": "file", "text": "aaa\nbbb\nccc\n", "keys": "xd"}
+{"name": "d-percent-all", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "%d"}
+{"name": "alt-d-noyank", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "w<A-d>"}
+{"name": "alt-c-window-op", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "<A-c>"}
+{"name": "d-then-p", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wdp"}
+{"name": "c-word", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta gamma\n", "keys": "wcX<esc>"}
+{"name": "c-bare", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "cZ<esc>"}
+{"name": "c-linewise", "pane": "file", "text": "aaa\nbbb\n", "keys": "xcX<esc>"}
+{"name": "c-linewise-indent", "pane": "file", "text": "    aa\nbb\n", "keys": "xcZ<esc>"}
+{"name": "y-keeps-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wy"}
+{"name": "y-keeps-sel-tty", "pane": "tty", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wy"}
+{"name": "y-bare-char", "pane": "file", "text": "abc def\n", "keys": "yp"}
+{"name": "y-bare-eol", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "glyp"}
+{"name": "yp-word", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "weyp"}
+{"name": "xyp-linewise", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "xyp"}
+{"name": "xyp-below-end-line", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "xyjp"}
+{"name": "xyP-linewise", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "xyP"}
+{"name": "vlyp-inline", "pane": "file", "text": "abcd\n", "keys": "vlyp"}
+{"name": "vlyP-inline", "pane": "file", "text": "abcd\n", "keys": "vlyP"}
+{"name": "p-count", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "vy2p"}
+{"name": "p-after-sel-end", "pane": "file", "text": "abcd\n", "keys": "vlyllp"}
+{"name": "wP-before", "pane": "file", "text": "one two\n", "keys": "wyggwP"}
+{"name": "u-restores-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wdu"}
+{"name": "u-insert-session", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "ixyz<esc>u"}
+{"name": "U-redo", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wduU"}
+{"name": "u-linewise", "pane": "file", "text": "aaa\nbbb\n", "keys": "xdu"}
+{"name": "r-bare", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "rz"}
+{"name": "r-sel-keeps", "pane": "file", "text": "abcdef\n", "keys": "vllrz"}
+{"name": "r-x-replaces-nl", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "xrz"}
+{"name": "r-cancel-esc", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "r<esc>l"}
+{"name": "R-inline", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wyggR"}
+{"name": "R-linewise", "pane": "file", "text": "one\ntwo\n", "keys": "xyjR"}
+{"name": "tilde-sel-keeps", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "vll~"}
+{"name": "tilde-bare", "pane": "file", "text": "aBc\n", "keys": "~"}
+{"name": "backtick-lower", "pane": "file", "text": "ABC\n", "keys": "vll`"}
+{"name": "alt-backtick-upper", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "vll<A-`>"}
+{"name": "J-cursor-stays", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\n", "keys": "J"}
+{"name": "J-sel-lines", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\ncc\ndd\n", "keys": "xxJ"}
+{"name": "J-ws-collapse", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n   bb\n", "keys": "J"}
+{"name": "J-empty-next-nospace", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\n\nbb\n", "keys": "J"}
+{"name": "J-last-line-eats-nl", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "jJ"}
+{"name": "J-count-ignored", "pane": "file", "text": "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "keys": "3J"}
+{"name": "indent-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "foo\nbar\n", "keys": "<gt>"}
+{"name": "indent-realign", "pane": "file", "text": "      x\n", "keys": "gs<gt>"}
+{"name": "indent-cursor-maps", "pane": "file", "text": "foo\n", "keys": "ll<gt>"}
+{"name": "indent-x-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "a\n\nb\n", "keys": "x2x<gt>"}
+{"name": "indent-count", "pane": "file", "text": "x\n", "keys": "2<gt>"}
+{"name": "unindent-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "        x\n", "keys": "gs<lt>"}
+{"name": "unindent-tab", "pane": "file", "text": "\tx\n", "keys": "<lt>"}
+{"name": "unindent-partial", "pane": "file", "text": "  x\n", "keys": "<lt>"}
+{"name": "unindent-cursor", "pane": "file", "text": "    ab\n", "keys": "gl<lt>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "15 x\n", "keys": "vl<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-bare-digit", "pane": "file", "text": "7\n", "keys": "<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-noop-nonint", "pane": "file", "text": "a 15 b\n", "keys": "f1<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-neg-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "-3\n", "keys": "vl<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-pad", "pane": "file", "text": "007\n", "keys": "vll<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-a-count", "pane": "file", "text": "5\n", "keys": "3<C-a>"}
+{"name": "ctrl-x-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "9\n", "keys": "<C-x>"}
+{"name": "ms-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "hello\n", "keys": "vllms("}
+{"name": "ms-bare", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "ms("}
+{"name": "ms-quote-self", "pane": "file", "text": "ab cd\n", "keys": "wems'"}
+{"name": "md-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "a(bcd)e\n", "keys": "3lmd("}
+{"name": "md-quote", "pane": "file", "text": "a 'bc' d\n", "keys": "3lmd'"}
+{"name": "mr-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "a(bcd)e\n", "keys": "3lmr(["}
+{"name": "mr-to-quote", "pane": "file", "text": "a 'bc' d\n", "keys": "3lmr'\""}
+{"name": "o-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "ox<esc>"}
+{"name": "o-copies-indent-level", "pane": "file", "text": "    foo\n", "keys": "o"}
+{"name": "o-partial-indent-drops", "pane": "file", "text": "  foo\n", "keys": "o"}
+{"name": "o-count", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "2o<esc>"}
+{"name": "O-basic", "pane": "file", "text": "aa\nbb\n", "keys": "jOx<esc>"}
+{"name": "O-copies-indent", "pane": "file", "text": "    foo\n", "keys": "O"}
+{"name": "i-type-esc", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha\n", "keys": "ihello <esc>"}
+{"name": "i-keeps-sel-start", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wi"}
+{"name": "wa-sel-end", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wa"}
+{"name": "wiX-edit-drops-sel", "pane": "file", "text": "alpha beta\n", "keys": "wiX<esc>"}
+{"name": "a-esc-restore", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "a<esc>"}
+{"name": "ax-restore", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "ax<esc>"}
+{"name": "lax-restore", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "lax<esc>"}
+{"name": "A-eol", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\ndef\n", "keys": "A<esc>"}
+{"name": "A-type", "pane": "file", "text": "one two\n", "keys": "AX<esc>"}
+{"name": "I-firstnonws", "pane": "file", "text": "  abc\n", "keys": "llI"}
+{"name": "esc-pending-cancel", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "f<esc>l"}
+{"name": "ins-enter-mid", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\n", "keys": "a<ret><esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-enter-indent", "pane": "file", "text": "    foo\n", "keys": "A<ret>x<esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-backspace", "pane": "file", "text": "abc\n", "keys": "lli<backspace><esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-backspace-join", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "ji<backspace><esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-ctrl-w", "pane": "file", "text": "one two\n", "keys": "A<C-w><esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-ctrl-w-col0-join", "pane": "file", "text": "ab\ncd\n", "keys": "ji<C-w><esc>"}
+{"name": "ins-alt-bs", "pane": "file", "text": "one two\n", "keys": "A<A-backspace><esc>"}
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diff --git a/test/hxcases/goldens.jsonl b/test/hxcases/goldens.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baa45d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxcases/goldens.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
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+{"name":"xyP-linewise","text":"one\none\ntwo\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"vlyp-inline","text":"ababcd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"vlyP-inline","text":"ababcd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"p-count","text":"aaab\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"p-after-sel-end","text":"abcdab\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"wP-before","text":"one one two\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"u-restores-sel","text":"alpha beta\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"u-insert-session","text":"abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"U-redo","text":"beta\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"u-linewise","text":"aaa\nbbb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"r-bare","text":"zbc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"r-sel-keeps","text":"zzzdef\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"r-x-replaces-nl","text":"zzzcd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"r-cancel-esc","text":"abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"R-inline","text":"alpha lpha beta\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"R-linewise","text":"one\ntwoone\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":3}}
+{"name":"tilde-sel-keeps","text":"ABC\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"tilde-bare","text":"ABc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"backtick-lower","text":"abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"alt-backtick-upper","text":"ABC\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-cursor-stays","text":"aa bb\ncc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-sel-lines","text":"aa bb\ncc\ndd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-ws-collapse","text":"aa bb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-empty-next-nospace","text":"aa\nbb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-last-line-eats-nl","text":"aa\nbb","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":0}}
+{"name":"J-count-ignored","text":"a b\nc\nd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"indent-basic","text":"    foo\nbar\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"indent-realign","text":"        x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":8},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":8}}
+{"name":"indent-cursor-maps","text":"    foo\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":6}}
+{"name":"indent-x-sel","text":"    a\n\n    b\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":2,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"indent-count","text":"        x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":8},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":8}}
+{"name":"unindent-basic","text":"    x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"unindent-tab","text":"x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"unindent-partial","text":"x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"unindent-cursor","text":"ab\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-sel","text":"16 x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-bare-digit","text":"8\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-noop-nonint","text":"a 15 b\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-neg-sel","text":"-2\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-pad","text":"008\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-a-count","text":"8\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ctrl-x-basic","text":"8\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ms-sel","text":"(hel)lo\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ms-bare","text":"(a)b\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ms-quote-self","text":"ab' cd'\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"md-basic","text":"abcde\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"md-quote","text":"a bc d\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"mr-basic","text":"a[bcd]e\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":3}}
+{"name":"mr-to-quote","text":"a \"bc\" d\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":3}}
+{"name":"o-basic","text":"ab\nx\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":1}}
+{"name":"o-copies-indent-level","text":"    foo\n    \n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":1,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":4}}
+{"name":"o-partial-indent-drops","text":"  foo\n\n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":1,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":0}}
+{"name":"o-count","text":"ab\n\n\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":0}}
+{"name":"O-basic","text":"aa\nx\nbb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":1}}
+{"name":"O-copies-indent","text":"    \n    foo\n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"i-type-esc","text":"hello alpha\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":6}}
+{"name":"i-keeps-sel-start","text":"alpha beta\n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":5}}
+{"name":"wa-sel-end","text":"alpha beta\n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":0,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"wiX-edit-drops-sel","text":"Xalpha beta\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":6}}
+{"name":"a-esc-restore","text":"abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ax-restore","text":"axbc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"lax-restore","text":"abxc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"A-eol","text":"abc\ndef\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":3},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":3}}
+{"name":"A-type","text":"one twoX\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":8},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":8}}
+{"name":"I-firstnonws","text":"  abc\n","mode":"insert","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"esc-pending-cancel","text":"abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ins-enter-mid","text":"a\nb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-enter-indent","text":"    foo\n    x\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":5}}
+{"name":"ins-backspace","text":"ac\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ins-backspace-join","text":"abcd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":2}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-w","text":"one \n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-w-col0-join","text":"cd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-alt-bs","text":"one \n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"ins-alt-d","text":" two\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-alt-del","text":" two\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-u","text":"\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-k","text":"\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-h","text":"ac\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-d","text":"bc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-del-eol-join","text":"abcd\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ins-ctrl-j","text":"a\nb\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-home","text":"x  abc\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":1},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":1}}
+{"name":"ins-end","text":"  abcx\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":6},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":6}}
+{"name":"ins-pgdn","text":"l00\nl01\nl02\nl03\nl04\nl05\nl06\nl07\nl08\nl09\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":25,"col":0},"anchor":{"row":25,"col":0}}
+{"name":"ins-arrows","text":"abc\ndxef\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":1,"col":2},"anchor":{"row":1,"col":2}}
+{"name":"ins-tab-col0","text":"    ab\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
+{"name":"ins-tab-mid","text":"a   b\n","mode":"normal","cursor":{"row":0,"col":4},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":4}}
diff --git a/test/hxcases/regen.sh b/test/hxcases/regen.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..308cc9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxcases/regen.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Regenerate test/hxcases/goldens.jsonl by running the helix reference harness
+# over cases.jsonl. The harness is hx-harness on the pardes-harness branch of
+# the genizah helix checkout (see docs/helix-keys.md, "Differential testing"):
+#   cd ~/05-genizah/helix && git switch pardes-harness && \
+#     cargo build --release -p helix-term --features helix-term/integration --bin hx-harness
+# Override the binary with $HX_HARNESS. helix ignores pane:"tty" — a tty
+# twin's golden is helix on the same text, which IS the oracle for tty
+# navigation parity.
+set -eu
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+HX_HARNESS="${HX_HARNESS:-$HOME/05-genizah/helix/target/release/hx-harness}"
+[ -x "$HX_HARNESS" ] || { echo "regen.sh: no hx-harness at $HX_HARNESS (set \$HX_HARNESS)" >&2; exit 1; }
+"$HX_HARNESS" cases.jsonl > goldens.jsonl.tmp
+mv goldens.jsonl.tmp goldens.jsonl
+wc -l goldens.jsonl
diff --git a/test/hxcases/smoke.jsonl b/test/hxcases/smoke.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c25adda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxcases/smoke.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{"name":"w-basic","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"w"}
+{"name":"w-then-b","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"wb"}
+{"name":"e-basic","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"e"}
+{"name":"x-line","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\nthree\n","keys":"x"}
+{"name":"x-twice","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\nthree\n","keys":"xx"}
+{"name":"d-char","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"d"}
+{"name":"x-then-d","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\nthree\n","keys":"xd"}
+{"name":"i-type-esc","pane":"file","text":"alpha\n","keys":"ihello <esc>"}
+{"name":"f-char","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"ft"}
+{"name":"f-cross-newline","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\n","keys":"fw"}
+{"name":"r-char","pane":"file","text":"alpha\n","keys":"rX"}
+{"name":"j-join","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\nthree\n","keys":"J"}
+{"name":"semicolon-collapse","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"w;"}
+{"name":"percent-all","pane":"file","text":"one\ntwo\n","keys":"%"}
+{"name":"mi-paren","pane":"file","text":"fn(a, b)\n","keys":"fami("}
+{"name":"count-2w","pane":"file","text":"one two three four\n","keys":"2w"}
+{"name":"ge-then-gt","pane":"file","text":"l1\nl2\nl3\nl4\nl5\nl6\nl7\nl8\nl9\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\nl30\n","keys":"gegt"}
+{"name":"zt-then-gt","pane":"file","text":"l1\nl2\nl3\nl4\nl5\nl6\nl7\nl8\nl9\nl10\nl11\nl12\nl13\nl14\nl15\nl16\nl17\nl18\nl19\nl20\nl21\nl22\nl23\nl24\nl25\nl26\nl27\nl28\nl29\nl30\n","keys":"12jztgt"}
+{"name":"v-select","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"vw"}
+{"name":"noop","pane":"file","text":"alpha\n","keys":""}
diff --git a/test/hxcases/waivers.jsonl b/test/hxcases/waivers.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8110a84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxcases/waivers.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"name":"wiX-edit-drops-sel","reason":"helix maps the selection through every insert-mode edit; pardes drops it on the first edit instead (anchor-only divergence, text+cursor+mode match). Re-judged phase 5 and kept: mapping the anchor through all ~23 mutation sites in handleInsert (multi-line inserts, EOL joins, kill runs) is genuinely invasive, and nothing in pardes consumes an implicit selection after insert-mode typing - the acme chords need explicit selections, which never enter insert."}
+{"name":"alt-c-window-op","reason":"deliberate pardes binding: Alt-c is the move-pane-to-fresh-column window op in ANY mode (do-not-touch contract); helix Alt-c is change-noyank. Alt-d + i covers the helix behavior; the buffer is untouched on the pardes side."}
diff --git a/test/hxdiff.zig b/test/hxdiff.zig
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62638e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hxdiff.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// pardes-hxdiff: the pardes half of the helix differential harness. Drives
+// the sans-IO core (src/pardes.zig) headlessly over JSON-Lines cases and
+// prints one contract result line per case on stdout, input order — the same
+// case/result contract helix's hx-harness speaks (pardes-harness branch in
+// the genizah checkout), so the two editors diff key-for-key.
+//
+//   case:   {"name":"w-basic","pane":"file","text":"alpha beta\n","keys":"w"}
+//   result: {"name":"w-basic","text":"alpha beta\n","mode":"normal",
+//            "cursor":{"row":0,"col":5},"anchor":{"row":0,"col":0}}
+//
+//   zig build hxdiff                       (diff the checked-in corpus)
+//   zig build hxdiff -- <cases.jsonl>      (results to stdout, no diff)
+//   ./zig-out/bin/pardes-hxdiff <cases.jsonl> [goldens.jsonl [waivers.jsonl]]
+//
+// DIFF MODE (goldens given): every result is compared field-by-field
+// (text/mode/cursor/anchor) against the same-named golden line. Waivers
+// ({"name":...,"reason":...}) exempt named cases — each must carry a reason.
+// Any unwaivered mismatch prints a per-case report and exits 1.
+//
+// Viewport is fixed at 80x24, matching the helix harness: one pane = 22 body
+// rows (topbar + tag take two; helix: statusline + commandline take two).
+// pane "file" swaps the boot pane for a file pane holding the case text
+// (Pardes.hxOpenFileContent, the test-only entry). pane "tty" keeps the
+// tty_only boot shell — no real pty, the spawn effect is ignored — feeds the
+// text as pty output with \n cooked to \r\n (ONLCR), then leaves tty mode
+// with Ctrl-<tty_toggle> exactly like a live session and parks the cursor at
+// (0,0), mirroring the helix harness's initial Selection::single(0,1). The
+// final tty text is the motion surface (paneCursorLines) re-joined, plus the
+// trailing '\n' ghostty's dump trims off the cursor's empty row — the case
+// text always ends in one, so this restores byte-for-byte comparability.
+// Keys are helix notation: printables verbatim, <esc> <ret> <tab> <space>
+// <backspace> <del> <up/down/left/right> <home/end> <pageup/pagedown>
+// <C-x> <A-x> <lt> <gt>. The clipboard round-trips through a fake:
+// set_clipboard stores the core's yank register, get_clipboard answers with
+// Event.paste, so y-then-p behaves like a live session.
+const std = @import("std");
+const libc = std.c;
+const pardes = @import("pardes");
+
+const gpa = std.heap.page_allocator;
+
+pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
+    var arena_state = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(gpa);
+    defer arena_state.deinit();
+    const arena = arena_state.allocator();
+    const args = try init.minimal.args.toSlice(init.arena.allocator());
+
+    var cases_path: ?[]const u8 = null;
+    var goldens_path: ?[]const u8 = null;
+    var waivers_path: ?[]const u8 = null;
+    for (args[1..]) |a| {
+        if (cases_path == null) {
+            cases_path = a;
+        } else if (goldens_path == null) {
+            goldens_path = a;
+        } else if (waivers_path == null) {
+            waivers_path = a;
+        } else fatal("usage: pardes-hxdiff <cases.jsonl> [goldens.jsonl [waivers.jsonl]]", .{});
+    }
+    const path = cases_path orelse fatal("usage: pardes-hxdiff <cases.jsonl> [goldens.jsonl [waivers.jsonl]]", .{});
+
+    const src = readFileAlloc(arena, path) catch |e| fatal("read {s}: {s}", .{ path, @errorName(e) });
+
+    // goldens + waivers, keyed by name (diff mode)
+    var goldens: std.StringHashMap(Result) = .init(arena);
+    if (goldens_path) |gp| {
+        const gsrc = readFileAlloc(arena, gp) catch |e| fatal("read {s}: {s}", .{ gp, @errorName(e) });
+        var glines = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, gsrc, '\n');
+        var lno: usize = 0;
+        while (glines.next()) |raw| {
+            lno += 1;
+            const line = std.mem.trim(u8, raw, " \t\r");
+            if (line.len == 0) continue;
+            const g = std.json.parseFromSliceLeaky(Result, arena, line, .{ .ignore_unknown_fields = true }) catch |e|
+                fatal("{s}:{d}: bad golden line: {s}", .{ gp, lno, @errorName(e) });
+            goldens.put(g.name, g) catch fatal("oom", .{});
+        }
+    }
+    var waivers: std.StringHashMap([]const u8) = .init(arena);
+    if (waivers_path) |wp| {
+        const wsrc = readFileAlloc(arena, wp) catch |e| fatal("read {s}: {s}", .{ wp, @errorName(e) });
+        var wlines = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, wsrc, '\n');
+        var lno: usize = 0;
+        while (wlines.next()) |raw| {
+            lno += 1;
+            const line = std.mem.trim(u8, raw, " \t\r");
+            if (line.len == 0) continue;
+            const w = std.json.parseFromSliceLeaky(Waiver, arena, line, .{ .ignore_unknown_fields = true }) catch |e|
+                fatal("{s}:{d}: bad waiver line: {s}", .{ wp, lno, @errorName(e) });
+            if (w.reason.len == 0) fatal("{s}:{d}: waiver {s} MUST carry a reason", .{ wp, lno, w.name });
+            waivers.put(w.name, w.reason) catch fatal("oom", .{});
+        }
+    }
+
+    var out: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
+    var n_cases: usize = 0;
+    var n_bad: usize = 0;
+    var n_waived: usize = 0;
+    var lines = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, src, '\n');
+    var lineno: usize = 0;
+    while (lines.next()) |raw| {
+        lineno += 1;
+        const line = std.mem.trim(u8, raw, " \t\r");
+        if (line.len == 0) continue;
+        const case = std.json.parseFromSliceLeaky(Case, arena, line, .{ .ignore_unknown_fields = true }) catch |e|
+            fatal("{s}:{d}: bad case line: {s}", .{ path, lineno, @errorName(e) });
+        n_cases += 1;
+        const res = runCase(arena, case) catch |e| fatal("case {s}: {s}", .{ case.name, @errorName(e) });
+        if (goldens_path == null) {
+            const jl = std.json.Stringify.valueAlloc(arena, res, .{}) catch fatal("oom", .{});
+            out.appendSlice(arena, jl) catch fatal("oom", .{});
+            out.append(arena, '\n') catch fatal("oom", .{});
+            continue;
+        }
+        const g = goldens.get(case.name) orelse fatal("no golden for case {s} (regen goldens?)", .{case.name});
+        const diff = diffResult(arena, g, res);
+        if (diff.len == 0) continue;
+        if (waivers.get(case.name)) |reason| {
+            n_waived += 1;
+            std.debug.print("WAIVED  {s}: {s}\n", .{ case.name, reason });
+            continue;
+        }
+        n_bad += 1;
+        std.debug.print("MISMATCH {s} (keys: {s})\n{s}", .{ case.name, case.keys, diff });
+    }
+    if (goldens_path == null) {
+        try std.Io.File.stdout().writeStreamingAll(init.io, out.items);
+        return;
+    }
+    std.debug.print("hxdiff: {d} cases, {d} mismatches, {d} waived\n", .{ n_cases, n_bad, n_waived });
+    if (n_bad > 0) std.process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const Case = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    pane: []const u8 = "file",
+    text: []const u8,
+    keys: []const u8,
+};
+
+const Pos = struct { row: i32, col: i32 };
+
+// field order is the contract's emit order (Stringify writes declaration order)
+const Result = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    text: []const u8,
+    mode: []const u8,
+    cursor: Pos,
+    anchor: Pos,
+};
+
+const Waiver = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    reason: []const u8,
+};
+
+/// field-by-field compare; returns a human-readable report ("" = match)
+fn diffResult(arena: std.mem.Allocator, want: Result, got: Result) []const u8 {
+    var buf: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
+    if (!std.mem.eql(u8, want.text, got.text)) {
+        appendf(arena, &buf, "  text: helix {f} != pardes {f}\n", .{ std.json.fmt(want.text, .{}), std.json.fmt(got.text, .{}) });
+    }
+    if (!std.mem.eql(u8, want.mode, got.mode)) {
+        appendf(arena, &buf, "  mode: helix {s} != pardes {s}\n", .{ want.mode, got.mode });
+    }
+    if (want.cursor.row != got.cursor.row or want.cursor.col != got.cursor.col) {
+        appendf(arena, &buf, "  cursor: helix ({d},{d}) != pardes ({d},{d})\n", .{ @as(i64, want.cursor.row), @as(i64, want.cursor.col), @as(i64, got.cursor.row), @as(i64, got.cursor.col) });
+    }
+    if (want.anchor.row != got.anchor.row or want.anchor.col != got.anchor.col) {
+        appendf(arena, &buf, "  anchor: helix ({d},{d}) != pardes ({d},{d})\n", .{ @as(i64, want.anchor.row), @as(i64, want.anchor.col), @as(i64, got.anchor.row), @as(i64, got.anchor.col) });
+    }
+    return buf.items;
+}
+
+fn appendf(arena: std.mem.Allocator, buf: *std.ArrayList(u8), comptime fmt: []const u8, fargs: anytype) void {
+    const s = std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, fmt, fargs) catch return;
+    buf.appendSlice(arena, s) catch {};
+}
+
+fn runCase(arena: std.mem.Allocator, case: Case) !Result {
+    // fresh core per case: the tty_only boot — one shell pane, tty mode, no
+    // greeting. Live-session contract: sizes arrive as the first resize event.
+    const core = try pardes.Pardes.init(gpa, .{ .tty_only = true });
+    defer core.deinit();
+    var clip: []const u8 = "";
+    core.update(.{ .resize = .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 } });
+    pump(core, arena, &clip);
+
+    if (std.mem.eql(u8, case.pane, "file")) {
+        _ = try core.hxOpenFileContent(case.text);
+    } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, case.pane, "tty")) {
+        // the harness is the pty here: cook \n to \r\n the way ONLCR would
+        var cooked: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
+        for (case.text) |ch| {
+            if (ch == '\n') try cooked.append(arena, '\r');
+            try cooked.append(arena, ch);
+        }
+        core.update(.{ .output = .{ .pane = 0, .bytes = cooked.items } });
+        pump(core, arena, &clip);
+        // leave tty mode the way a live session does: Ctrl-<tty_toggle>,
+        // then park the cursor at (0,0) — the helix harness's initial
+        // Selection::single(0,1) equivalent (a live exit would leave the
+        // modal cursor tracking the shell cursor below the output)
+        core.update(.{ .key = .{ .cp = core.opts.tty_toggle, .ctrl = true } });
+        pump(core, arena, &clip);
+        if (core.panes[core.active]) |pane| {
+            pane.cur_row = 0;
+            pane.cur_col = 0;
+            pane.cur_pinned = true;
+        }
+    } else fatal("case {s}: unknown pane {s}", .{ case.name, case.pane });
+
+    // keys: helix notation — printables verbatim, <...> specials
+    var ki: usize = 0;
+    while (ki < case.keys.len) {
+        var key: pardes.Key = .{ .cp = 0 };
+        if (case.keys[ki] == '<') {
+            const close = std.mem.indexOfScalarPos(u8, case.keys, ki, '>') orelse
+                fatal("case {s}: unterminated < in keys", .{case.name});
+            var name = case.keys[ki + 1 .. close];
+            ki = close + 1;
+            while (true) {
+                if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, name, "C-")) {
+                    key.ctrl = true;
+                    name = name[2..];
+                } else if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, name, "A-")) {
+                    key.alt = true;
+                    name = name[2..];
+                } else break;
+            }
+            if (name.len == 1) {
+                key.cp = name[0];
+                if (!key.ctrl and !key.alt) key.text = name;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "esc")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.escape;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "ret")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.enter;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "tab")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.tab;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "space")) {
+                key.cp = ' ';
+                if (!key.ctrl and !key.alt) key.text = " ";
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "backspace")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.backspace;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "del")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.delete;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "lt")) {
+                key.cp = '<';
+                if (!key.ctrl and !key.alt) key.text = "<";
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "gt")) {
+                key.cp = '>';
+                if (!key.ctrl and !key.alt) key.text = ">";
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "up")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.up;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "down")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.down;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "left")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.left;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "right")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.right;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "home")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.home;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "end")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.end;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "pageup")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.page_up;
+            } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, name, "pagedown")) {
+                key.cp = pardes.Key.page_down;
+            } else fatal("case {s}: unknown key <{s}>", .{ case.name, name });
+        } else {
+            key.cp = case.keys[ki];
+            key.text = case.keys[ki .. ki + 1];
+            ki += 1;
+        }
+        core.update(.{ .key = key });
+        pump(core, arena, &clip);
+    }
+
+    // one contract result line off the active pane's final state
+    const pane = core.panes[core.active] orelse return error.NoActivePane;
+    var text: []const u8 = undefined;
+    if (pane.file) |f| {
+        text = f.content;
+    } else {
+        // the tty motion surface, dumped honestly: whole scrollback+grid,
+        // prompt rows blanked, typed runs spliced — plus the trailing '\n'
+        // ghostty's dump trims off the cursor's empty final row
+        const pl = try core.paneCursorLines(pane);
+        var buf: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
+        for (pl.lines, 0..) |ln, i| {
+            if (i > 0) try buf.append(arena, '\n');
+            try buf.appendSlice(arena, ln);
+        }
+        if (buf.items.len > 0 and buf.items[buf.items.len - 1] != '\n') try buf.append(arena, '\n');
+        text = buf.items;
+    }
+    var anchor: Pos = .{ .row = pane.cur_row, .col = pane.cur_col };
+    if (pane.vsel.active) {
+        anchor = .{ .row = pane.vsel.row, .col = pane.vsel.col };
+    } else if (pane.msel.active) {
+        // line selection: the far end (the r0/r1 not holding the cursor), col 0
+        anchor = .{ .row = if (pane.cur_row == pane.msel.r1) pane.msel.r0 else pane.msel.r1, .col = 0 };
+    }
+    // mode "select" ONLY while v-extend is on (helix keeps x/%/mi selections
+    // in normal mode); pane.mode itself never holds a select state
+    const mode = if (pane.mode == .normal and pane.select) "select" else @tagName(pane.mode);
+    return .{
+        .name = case.name,
+        .text = try arena.dupe(u8, text),
+        .mode = mode,
+        .cursor = .{ .row = pane.cur_row, .col = pane.cur_col },
+        .anchor = anchor,
+    };
+}
+
+/// Drain queued effects. The fake clipboard: set_clipboard snapshots the
+/// core's yank register, get_clipboard answers with Event.paste — the async
+/// OSC 52 round trip of a live shell, collapsed to a synchronous reply.
+/// Everything else (spawn, write, resize_pty, ...) is ignored: no real pty.
+fn pump(core: *pardes.Pardes, arena: std.mem.Allocator, clip: *[]const u8) void {
+    while (true) {
+        var want_paste = false;
+        while (core.nextEffect()) |eff| switch (eff) {
+            .set_clipboard => clip.* = if (core.yank) |y| (arena.dupe(u8, y) catch "") else "",
+            .get_clipboard => want_paste = true,
+            else => {},
+        };
+        if (!want_paste) return;
+        core.update(.{ .paste = clip.* });
+    }
+}
+
+fn readFileAlloc(arena: std.mem.Allocator, path: []const u8) ![]u8 {
+    const path_z = try arena.dupeZ(u8, path);
+    const fd = libc.open(path_z, .{ .ACCMODE = .RDONLY });
+    if (fd < 0) return error.OpenFailed;
+    defer _ = libc.close(fd);
+    var buf: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
+    var chunk: [16384]u8 = undefined;
+    while (true) {
+        const n = libc.read(fd, &chunk, chunk.len);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            if (libc.errno(n) == .INTR) continue;
+            return error.ReadFailed;
+        }
+        if (n == 0) break;
+        try buf.appendSlice(arena, chunk[0..@intCast(n)]);
+    }
+    return buf.items;
+}
+
+fn fatal(comptime fmt: []const u8, args: anytype) noreturn {
+    std.debug.print("pardes-hxdiff: " ++ fmt ++ "\n", args);
+    std.process.exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/test/snapshots/fileedit.golden b/test/snapshots/fileedit.golden
index 72950b96..13d6835a 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/fileedit.golden
+++ b/test/snapshots/fileedit.golden
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap undone grid=100x30 cursor=7,3
+== snap undone grid=100x30 cursor=13,3
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/fileedit/cwd/f.txt Save Del  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/fileedit/cwd Del
 |     1 liEDIT''MEne 1
diff --git a/test/snapshots/modal.golden b/test/snapshots/modal.golden
index 668fd02c..dfe34130 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/modal.golden
+++ b/test/snapshots/modal.golden
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap moved grid=100x30 cursor=2,6
+== snap moved grid=100x30 cursor=5,6
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap xsel grid=100x30 cursor=2,6
+== snap xsel grid=100x30 cursor=15,6
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 |3: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |4: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |5: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
-|6: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
+|6: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-15 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 16-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |7: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |8: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |9: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 |27: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |28: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |29: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
-== snap xsel2 grid=100x30 cursor=2,7
+== snap xsel2 grid=100x30 cursor=15,7
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap yanked grid=100x30 cursor=2,6
+== snap yanked grid=100x30 cursor=15,7
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap vsel grid=100x30 cursor=3,7
+== snap vsel grid=100x30 cursor=16,8
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@
 |4: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |5: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |6: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
-|7: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-3 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 4-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
-|8: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
+|7: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
+|8: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-16 #d8c8a8,#4a3a1e, 17-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |9: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |10: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |11: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
@@ -246,15 +246,15 @@
 |27: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |28: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
 |29: 0-1 d,#525252, 2-49 d,d, 50-51 d,#525252, 52-99 d,d,
-== snap typed grid=100x30 cursor=3,7
+== snap typed grid=100x30 cursor=2,6
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
 |  words.txt                                         words.txt
 |
 |
-|  one two three
-|  fTYPEDour five six
+|  TYPEDone two three
+|  four five six
 |  seven eight nine
 |
 |
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap undone grid=100x30 cursor=3,7
+== snap undone grid=100x30 cursor=16,8
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
@@ -308,15 +308,15 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap redone grid=100x30 cursor=3,7
+== snap redone grid=100x30 cursor=2,6
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
 |  words.txt                                         words.txt
 |
 |
-|  one two three
-|  fTYPEDour five six
+|  TYPEDone two three
+|  four five six
 |  seven eight nine
 |
 |
@@ -339,15 +339,15 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap bottom grid=100x30 cursor=2,9
+== snap bottom grid=100x30 cursor=2,8
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del                NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/modal/cwd Del
 |
 |  words.txt                                         words.txt
 |
 |
-|  one two three
-|  fTYPEDour five six
+|  TYPEDone two three
+|  four five six
 |  seven eight nine
 |
 |
diff --git a/test/snapshots/modal.snap b/test/snapshots/modal.snap
index 73905175..68809e18 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/modal.snap
+++ b/test/snapshots/modal.snap
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ snap undone
 key U
 stable 400 5000
 snap redone
-key G
+key g e
 stable 400 5000
 snap bottom
diff --git a/test/snapshots/scrolloff.golden b/test/snapshots/scrolloff.golden
index 90e0e83f..f2165a10 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/scrolloff.golden
+++ b/test/snapshots/scrolloff.golden
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 |
 |
 |
-== snap end grid=100x30 cursor=7,7
+== snap end grid=100x30 cursor=7,6
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/scrolloff/cwd/g.txt Save De  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/scrolloff/cwd Del
 |    36 line 36
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@
 == snap kup grid=100x30 cursor=7,4
 |Kill Newcol Tutor Debug Colors NextColor Dump
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/scrolloff/cwd/g.txt Save De  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/scrolloff/cwd Del
-|    31 line 31
-|    32 line 32                                      g.txt
+|    30 line 30
+|    31 line 31                                      g.txt
+|    32 line 32
 |    33 line 33
 |    34 line 34
 |    35 line 35
-|    36 line 36
 |  NOR /tmp/pardes-snap/scrolloff/cwd Del
 |
 |  g.txt
diff --git a/test/snapshots/scrolloff.snap b/test/snapshots/scrolloff.snap
index 067e851f..af64a3c7 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/scrolloff.snap
+++ b/test/snapshots/scrolloff.snap
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ snap scrolled1
 key j j j j
 stable 400 5000
 snap jdown
-# (d) G: bottom clamp, view stops at EOF-at-bottom, cursor on the bottom row
-key G
+# (d) ge (goto last line; bare G is a helix no-op): bottom clamp, view stops
+# at EOF-at-bottom, cursor on the bottom row
+key g e
 stable 400 5000
 snap end
 # (c) k-walk up: cursor climbs to the top margin, then the view scrolls